Numbers Every Engineer Knows
Build intuition for system performance — latency numbers, storage hierarchies, throughput estimates, and the back-of-the-envelope math that drives every design decision.
Latency Reference
Understand the latency hierarchy — from L1 cache to network round trips. Build the intuition for why caching, batching, and data locality drive every system design decision.
CPU Cache (L1/L2)RAM vs SSD vs HDDNetwork Round TripsEnd-to-End Latency
Capacity Estimation
Master back-of-the-envelope calculations — QPS estimation, storage sizing, and bandwidth calculations. The math that drives every system design interview.
QPS / Throughput EstimationStorage SizingBandwidth CalculationsEnd-to-End Estimation